This study aims to identify the influence of bicycle types and riding postures on the lower extremity kinematics and injury of cyclists during vehicle-bicycle collisions. For this purpose， the finite element models of two typical bicycles （shared bicycle and mountain bike） were established. Three types of riding postures （Struck foot front， up， and down） and a collision speed of 40 km/h as well as a riding speed of 10 km/h were adopted to conduct the current study. At last， the kinematic response and injury condition were analyzed through a matrix of 6 simulation tests using different bicycle types and riding postures. The results showed that compared with the shared bicycle， the bicyclist riding the mountain bike with a high cross-bar frame structure suffered a high tibia fracture risk. The high cross-bar frame structure of the mountain bike limited the movement of the lower leg during the collision. The kinematic response of the knee joint and ligament injury was affected as a result. The current study also determined that bicyclists with struck foot down riding posture were prone to sustain severe lower extremity injuries. In this position， the tibia is subjected to a large bending moment of 257.5 N·m. The medial collateral ligament has an elongation value of 19.3 mm. Therefore， the kinematic response of the cyclist’s lower leg extremity varies with the types of bicycle， whereas the lower extremity injuries change with the riding postures.